超声波在纳米涂层和纳米悬浮液中的应用

纳米材料,例如碳纳米管、金属氧化物和纳米粘土,通常以干燥材料的形式制造,但当作为可喷涂涂层弄湿时,由于这些材料的内聚性质,会聚集或结块。超声波喷涂技术非常适合打破溶液中的团聚物。

超声波喷涂系统用于在三维设备和二维线性基材上创建纳米涂层,以及喷涂分散体中的纳米悬浮液。

纳米涂层

超声波喷涂技术由于其低流量能力和液滴尺寸的高度均匀性,可用于喷涂均匀的纳米薄涂层。超声波喷涂技术的常见应用有:

  • 太阳能电池上的减反射 (AR) 涂层

纳米悬浮液

产生超声波喷雾的相同振动还具有抑制纳米材料结块或团聚的属性。这种现象在碳纳米管中最为普遍,传统的空气喷涂雾化方法容易发生团聚,而传统的空气喷雾雾化无法受益于超声波的振动效应。超声波喷嘴通过超声波喷嘴尖端的空化作用使液体振动。这种振动就是产生雾化的原因。同样的振动有助于纳米颗粒的分散。一些成功应用超声波喷涂技术的常见纳米悬浮液:

喷雾干燥

超声波喷嘴还用于水性和有机应用中纳米颗粒生产的喷雾干燥应用。超声波喷嘴通常可以产生比传统喷嘴更小的颗粒尺寸,因此超声波产生的液滴可以在飞行中更有效地干燥。此外,与传统方法相比,所产生的喷雾的低速度增加了纳米颗粒的产量,使材料在空中停留的时间更长,喷雾干燥器室壁的涂层更少。最后,将两个独立的液体路径引入同一超声波喷嘴可用于产生微胶囊。

纳米抗菌涂层和纳米粘土

纳米抗菌剂在食品工业中很常见,用作装饰涂料和釉料的面漆以及调味剂和香料。利用超声波喷嘴的纳米粘土涂层在包装行业中用作聚烯烃薄膜的屏障保护。这些薄膜应用于食品工业以延长保质期。

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